Participle phrases &nominatives absolute

　　例1.When he was playing basketball, tom saw a stranger who entered the classroom.

　　如上文所述，前一个分句的主语he和后一个主语tom指同一个人，并且前一个分句的主语he 之后是系动词was, 那么，前一个分句的主语和紧随其后的那个系动词was都可以一起省略掉，也就是说，此句可以省略成一个带有现在分词短语的单句，即：playing basketball, tom saw a stranger who entered the classroom.

　　例2.Located on the south-east coast of Australia in the temperate zone, it enjoys a mild climate, averaging 14.5 hours of sunshine per day in summer and 10.25 hours in winter.

　　实际上，此句的完整说法应该是：(it is )located on the south-east coast of Australia in the temperate zone, (and) it enjoyed a mild climate, (which averages) 14.5 hours of sunshine per day in summer and 10.25 hours in winter.因为(it is)located on the south-east coast of Australia in the temperate zone, (and) it enjoyed a mild climate, 之间的主语相同，都是it，并且前一个分句的主语it 之后是系动词is,那么，前一个分句的主语和紧随其后的那个系动词is 都可以省略掉， 也就是说，此句可以省略成一个带有过去分词短语的单句，表示两者是被动关系，即：Located on the south-east coast of Australia in the temperate zone, it enjoyed a mild climate.

　　练习题：

　　1. First established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, it is a modern cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nation’s major industrial, business, and manufacturing centers.

　　分析

　　实际上，此句的完整说法应该是：(it was)first established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, it is a modern cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nation’s major industrial, business, and manufacturing centers.

　　因为(it was)first established by the British as a convict settlement in 1788, 和(and)it is a modern cosmopolitan city that has developed into one of the nation’s major industrial, business, and manufacturing centers. 之间的主语是相同的，都是it, 并且前一个分句的主语it 之后是系动词was， 那么，前一个分句的主语it 和紧随其后的那个系动词was 都可以省略掉，也就是说，此句可以省略成一个带有过去分词短语的单句，表示两者是被动关系。

　　译文

　　最早在1788年，英国人将它建成为罪犯流放地;它现在已然成了一个国际化大都会，是全国主要的I业，商业和制作业中心之一。

　　2. The temperature of the exhaust gases is well above 500C, meaning that solid oxide fuel cells are very attractive for electricity and heat generation as, in addition to supplying electricity, the leftover amounts of heat created during the process could be used to produce heat for industries, provide hot water supplies or warn buildings.

　　分析

　　实际上，整个句子的主句(即：The temperature of the exhaust gases is well above 500C)并不复杂，真正让句子变得棘手的是由meaning 所引出来的一个非常长的现在分词短语，即：meaning that solid oxide fuel cells are very attractive for electricity and heat generation as, in addition to supplying electricity, the leftover amounts of heat created during the process could be used to produce heat for industries, provide hot water supplies or warn buildings.在该县在分词短语中，有2个句子，其中第二个句子是由as (因为….)来引导的弱因果关系句，即：(1)solid oxide fuel cells are very attractive for electricity and heat generation，(2)as, in addition to supplying electricity, the leftover amounts of heat created during the process could be used to produce heat for industries, provide hot water supplies or warn buildings.

　　并且，在这个由as引导的弱因果关系句里面，有用逗号断开的插入语in addition to supplying electricity; 理解此句时，应该先跳过该插入语，直接先将由as引导的弱因果关系句理解清楚，然后再来看插入语的内容。

　　译文

　　那些废气的温度远远高于500摄氏度， 这就意味着;对于发电和供热来说，固体氧化燃料电池是很不错的，因为除了供电外，在该过程中所产生的剩余热量可以用于I业供热，供应热水，或者给建筑物供暖。






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